What Makes the Mini Big Bangs Energetically Possible?

Abstract

Mini Big Bangs throwing out a magnetic flux tube layer from an object, which could be a star or even a planet, play a central notion of TGD inspired cosmology and astrophysics. These explosions define the local TGD counterpart for the smooth cosmic expansion. A liberation of energy compensating the reduction of the gravitational binding energy is required and must present new physics predicted by TGD. I have considered several candidates for this energy source and phase transitions reducing the value of the effective Planck constant h_eff are the natural candidates. Since monopole flux tubes play a key role in the mini Big Bangs, the identification of this energy as dark gravitational cyclotron energy associated with dark particles, in particular nucleons, should have been a natural first guess. In this article this proposal is applied to several cases where a mini Big Bang could be involved. The applications discussed in this article are the proposed doubling of the radius of Earth in the mini Big Bang associated with the Cambrian expansion; the emergence of the Moon in an explosion throwing out a surface layer of Earth and the emergence of the two moons of Mars in similar explosions occurring for either hemisphere of Mars: this would explain the Martian dichotomy. The scales of the gravitational cyclotron energies turn out to be consistent with the gravitational binding energy scales. The recent model of the Sun relies on the crazy idea that both solar wind and solar energy are produced at the surface layer of the Sun consisting of nuclei of M₈₉ hadron physics with a mass scale 512 times that of the ordinary hadron physics, which would transform to ordinary nuclei by p-adic cooling reducing the p-adic mass scale. Besides solar wind and solar eruptions, this process would produce planets as mini Big Bangs throwing out a layer of matter and also supernovas would be results of similar explosions. Quite surprisingly, the cyclotron magnetic energy for M₈₉ nucleons turns out to be equal to the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for M₈₉ nuclei. This suggests that the p-adic cooling of M₈₉ hadrons to ordinary hadrons begins with the splitting of M₈₉nuclear bonds producing free M₈₉ nucleons. The final state could involve the decay of dark M₈₉ nuclei with Compton length of electron and binding energy of order 10 keV to ordinary nuclei liberating essentially all the ordinary nuclear binding energy. Same decay would occur in "cold fusion" as dark fusion.