New Models of Microscopic Vacuum & Particles

Abstract

In this paper, we propose that: (1) the microscopic vacuum is a ground energy state of virtual bosons made up of positive and negative fermion; (2) the neutrinos with one electric charge are the charged leptons and the neutrinos with fractional electric charge are the quarks; and (3) the conversion among particles is the process that transfers electric charge among fermions and recombine among quarks with the participation of virtual bosons consistent with experiments.