TGD Based Views of Family Replication Phenomenon & Color Confinement

Abstract

There is 2.5 sigma evidence for the existence of a Higgs-like particle with mass 146 GeV decaying to a muon-electron pair. TGD based topological explanation of family replication phenomenon and the identification of also elementary bosons as pairs of fundamental fermions and antifermions predicts that fermions form effectively triplets under the combinatorial symmetry group SU(3)_g whereas a given elementary boson (gluon, electroweak gauge boson, or Higgs) would form an octet and singlet under this group. The symmetry breaking SU(3) → SU(2) x U(1) → U(1) x U(1) predicts that a given elementary boson extends to the analog of Gell-Mann octet and singlet. The reported anomaly could correspond to the analogs of π⁺ and π^-. In this article the implications of the SU(3)_g symmetry for hadron physics are considered. In particular, the possibility of the existence of SU(3)_g gluon octet is considered. Also the proposal that sea partons could correspond to dark quarks and possibly also dark SU(3)_g  - gluons is developed in detail. Dark sea could solve the EMC paradox and also solve the proton spin crisis. The basic principle is that Nature is theoretician friendly: when the perturbation series fails to converge, a phase transition increasing the value of h_eff = nh₀ takes place and reduces the value of gauge coupling strength proportional to 1/ħ_eff. The color of the ordinary quarks q_ord ("o" for "ordinary) must be first neutralized by color entangling them with the corresponding dark antiquarks q-_d("d" for "dark") at color magnetic body (MB) to form a color singlet (color for them is screened). After that one adds to color MB dark variants q_d of quarks. This mechanism would actually apply quite generally to all elementary particles. It came as a surprise that this principle actually realizes holography, which is a basic principle of TGD and implied by general coordinate invariance. The good news is that there is actually experimental evidence for this holography.