Universe with Boundary & without Singularity

Abstract

Based on the analysis of the acoustic quantum energy characteristics, we propose that the acoustic waves show negative energy characteristics in the energy transfer process. Thus, the result of negative pressure can be deduced. This result may be just what the cosmic dark energy model needs. Combining the latest cosmic acoustic detection results, the author shows that the negative energy and the negative pressure are produced by energy transfer of the acoustic wave. The state equations obtained from this perspective not only meet the requirements of the dark energy model but also solve the problems of singularity. The other conclusion of this paper is that the universe has a boundary. The models given in this paper seem not only explain tdark energy but also prove that the energy density equals matter density.