Cubic Lattice Bonding of Graphene, Benzene & Ozone

Abstract

We demonstrate that a cubic lattice nucleus model provides a rational and physically viable representation of carbon allotropes, polycyclic and other molecules. The demonstration focuses on the carbon allotrope graphene, the benzene ring, and the oxygen/ozone molecule. We describe a trifid bond structure based on the cubic lattice model to illustrate the nature of molecular bonds. We suggest that the trifid and derivative bond structures supersede the orbital electron-sharing and covalent bond models and the Lewis bond diagrams.